Seasonal changes in the fraction of global radiation retained as net all-wave radiation and their hydrological implications
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چکیده
High linear correlation between concurrent measurements of net all-wave radiation Q*, and global incoming short-wave radiation Eg-l was found for hourly, daytime and 24-h totals measured over a grassland catchment in the subhumid climate region of southeastern Australia. Five years of daily measurements were used to study the temporal variability in the fraction of incoming short-wave radiation retained at the surface as net all-wave radiation. When values of Ç = ZQ*/I,Ej,i are calculated from 24-h totals and are plotted against date, the results reveal strong day-to-day and seasonal variability in Ç. Analysis indicated that the Ç ratio was largely determined by data, latitude and cloudiness, whilst the nature of the underlying surface appeared to play a less important role. Data from four other grassland sites in Australia, New Caledonia, Denmark and Ireland yielded a general relationship for estimating Ç from day length. Values of ZQ* may thus be obtained from ZEgi observations using (a) a single regression between ZQ* and *LE,X; (b) monthly Ç values derived from measurements; or (c) monthly Ç values estimated from day length. All three approaches give estimates of I.Q* with error terms similar to those of measurements of net all-wave radiation and those found when ZQ* was estimated climatologically from the individual elements of the surface radiation balance—the standard method of obtaining this rarely measured but hydrologically important parameter. The hydrological impact of different methods of obtaining Ï.Q* was demonstrated using the semi-distributed VIC catchment model to compute potential évapotranspiration for the 26 km Lockyersleigh catchment near Goulburn, New South Wales, Australia. The limited hydrological impact found is attributed to the fact that actual évapotranspiration in this subhumid catchment is limited by the strength of the soil water source rather than that of the atmospheric sink-potential évapotranspiration. Les variations saisonnières de la fraction du rayonnement global retenue dans le rayonnement net et leurs implications hydrologiques Résumé Une corrélation linéaire significative entre des mesures concomitantes du rayonnement net (toutes longueurs d'onde) Q*, et du rayonnement incident de courte longueur d'onde EAa été mise en évidence à l'échelle horaire, à l'échelle de la durée du jour, et à l'échelle de 24 h sur un bassin de prairies de la région sub-humide du sudest de l'Australie. Cinq années de mesures journalières ont été utilisées pour étudier la variabilité temporelle de la fraction du rayonnement incident de courte longueur d'onde retenue à la surface dans le rayonnement net. Quand les valeurs de Ç = I,Q*fLEsicalculées à partir de cumuls sur 24 h sont représentées en fonction du temps, on constate une importante variabilité journalière et saisonnière de Ç L'analyse a montré que le rapport Ç était essentiellement déterminé par les données, la latitude et la nébulosité, mais que la nature du sol sous-jacent ne semblait pas jouer un grand rôle. Des données d'autres sites de prairies, en Australie, en Nouvelle Calédonie, au Danemark et en Irlande, ont fourni une relation générale permettant d'estimer Ç à partir de la durée du jour. Les valeurs de 0* peuvent alors être obtenues à partir des Open for discussion until I April 2001 654 /. D. Kalma et al. mesures de Egi en utilisant (a) une simple régression entre "LQ* et ZEgi, (b) les valeurs mensuelles de Ç, provenant des mesures, (c) ou des valeurs mensuelles de Ç estimées à partir de la durée du jour. Ces trois méthodes fournissent des estimations de 2<2* avec des barres d'erreur analogues à celle obtenue par la mesure du rayonnement net ou par celle obtenue lorsque ~LQ* est estimé climatologiquement à partir des différents termes du bilan radiatif de surface—la méthode classique pour atteindre cette grandeur rarement mesurée mais d'une grande pertinence hydrologique. Les implications hydrologiques de ces différentes méthodes d'estimation de ZQ* ont été démontrées en utilisant le modèle de bassin semi-distribué VIC pour calculer l'évapotranspiration potentielle d'un bassin versant de 26 km (Bassin de Lockyersleigh près de Goulburn, Nouvelle Galles du Sud, Australie). S'il est apparu que l'impact hydrologique est limité, cela peut être attribué au fait que, dans ce bassin sub-humide, l'évapotranspiration réelle est davantage limitée par le terme source (eau du sol) que par le "puits" atmosphérique (l'évapotranspiration potentielle).
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تاریخ انتشار 2000